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Unnat Krishi Mahotsav: Government Developing State-Wise Agriculture Roadmaps

During the Unnat Krishi Mahotsav in New Delhi, Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan announced that the Centre is developing state-wise agricultural roadmaps to address regional crop diversities and climatic challenges. The initiative aims to double farmers' income by focusing on six pillars: increasing production, reducing input costs, ensuring fair prices, crop diversification, post-harvest management, and natural farming. The government is also planning a digital "Krishi Adalat" system to resolve farmer grievances and land disputes efficiently.

What Happened

At the Unnat Krishi Mahotsav, the Union Ministry of Agriculture unveiled a strategy to move away from a "one-size-fits-all" approach. Instead, the Centre will collaborate with states to create customized roadmaps based on local soil health, water availability, and traditional crops.

When & Where

The event took place in New Delhi on April 17-18, 2026.

Who Is Involved

  • Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare: Leading the initiative.
  • Shivraj Singh Chouhan: Union Minister who made the announcement.
  • ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research): Providing technical roadmaps for climate-resilient crops.
  • State Governments: Key partners in executing local roadmaps.

How It Works

The state-wise roadmap follows a decentralized model:

  • Soil Mapping: Using digital tools to identify nutrient gaps in specific districts.
  • Cluster-Based Approach: Identifying specific clusters for horticulture, pulses, and oilseeds.
  • Digital Integration: Using the AgriStack (Digital Public Infrastructure) to provide farmers with end-to-end services, from seeds to market.
  • Grievance Redressal: The "Krishi Adalat" will act as a specialized platform for legal and administrative issues related to farming.

Why It Matters

Agriculture contributes ~18% to India's GDP but employs nearly 45% of the workforce. Custom roadmaps are essential to tackle the regional disparity between the Green Revolution states (Punjab/Haryana) and the rest of India. It aligns with the UPSC GS-III syllabus on "Major crops and cropping patterns."

Historical Background

India’s agriculture policy was historically driven by the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 and the Green Revolution (1960s). The shift towards "State-wise roadmaps" marks a transition from a food-security focus to a farmer-income focus (Dalwai Committee recommendations).

Previous Related Events

The PM-KISAN scheme (2019) provided direct income support. In 2024-25, the government focused on the "Digital Agriculture Mission," which serves as the foundation for these new roadmaps.

Static GK Connection

  • List II (State List): Agriculture is primarily a State subject under the 7th Schedule of the Constitution.
  • MSP (Minimum Support Price): Recommended by CACP (Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices).
  • Agro-Climatic Zones: India is divided into 15 agro-climatic zones by the Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog).

Future Impact

The initiative aims to reduce India’s dependence on imported edible oils (Mission Palm Oil) and pulses. By 2028, the government expects Natural Farming to be the mainstream practice for at least 25% of small and marginal farmers.


🔑 Key Points for Revision

  • Initiative: State-wise Agricultural Roadmaps.
  • Event: Unnat Krishi Mahotsav.
  • Key Body: Digital Krishi Adalat.
  • Natural Farming Target: 1 Crore farmers.
  • Core Pillars: Production, Cost Reduction, Fair Prices, Diversification, Value Addition, Resilience.
  • Digital Tool: AgriStack / Digital Public Infrastructure.
  • Export Strategy: ODOP (One District One Product).
  • Constitution: 7th Schedule (Agriculture in State List).
  • Focus Sector: Oilseeds and Pulses (Import substitution).

🧠 Concept Link (Static GK Deep Dive)

Core Concept: Federalism in Indian Agriculture

  • Constitutional Status: Under the Seventh Schedule, 'Agriculture' is Entry 14 in the State List. However, 'Trade and Commerce in Foodstuffs' falls under the Concurrent List (Entry 33).
  • Conflict & Cooperation: Because it is a State subject, the Centre cannot force agricultural laws (as seen during the 2020-21 Farm Laws protest).
  • The New Roadmap Approach: By creating "State-wise Roadmaps," the Centre is using Cooperative Federalism. It provides the funds and technical guidance (Union) while the States execute the plan based on their specific needs.
  • Funding: Schemes like RKVY (Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana) allow states the flexibility to choose their own sub-projects.
  • Exam Angle: Why is it difficult to implement uniform farm reforms in India? Answer: Constitutional limitations and regional diversity in cropping patterns.

❓ Practice MCQs

Q1. Agriculture is listed under which list of the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution?
A) Union List
B) State List
C) Concurrent List
D) Residuary Powers

Answer: B

Explanation: Agriculture is Entry 14 of the State List, meaning states have primary legislative power.

Q2. What is the main objective of the proposed "Digital Krishi Adalat"?
A) To provide loans to farmers
B) To distribute high-yield seeds
C) To resolve farmer grievances and land disputes
D) To monitor weather patterns

Answer: C

Explanation: The Krishi Adalat is designed as a grievance redressal mechanism for farming-related issues.

Q3. How many agro-climatic zones has India been divided into by the NITI Aayog (formerly Planning Commission)?
A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25

Answer: B

Explanation: India is classified into 15 distinct agro-climatic zones based on soil, climate, and water.

Q4. The "Unnat Krishi Mahotsav" primarily focuses on:
A) Increasing agricultural exports to Europe
B) Promoting modern technology and natural farming
C) Privatizing the FCI (Food Corporation of India)
D) Reducing the number of people working in agriculture

Answer: B

Explanation: The Mahotsav highlights modern tools, digital missions, and sustainable farming practices.

Q5. The "Lakhpati Didi" scheme mentioned in agricultural roadmaps aims to empower:
A) Large-scale landholders
B) Rural women in Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
C) Agricultural scientists
D) Urban consumers

Answer: B

Explanation: The scheme aims to increase the annual income of rural women SHG members to at least ₹1 lakh.

Q6. Which organization provides the technical support for climate-resilient seeds in India?
A) NABARD
B) ICAR
C) NITI Aayog
D) FCI

Answer: B

Explanation: The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is the premier body for agri-research and seed development.


📜 Previous Year Question Style (PYQ)

PYQ 1:

Regarding the "Digital Agriculture Mission," consider the following statements:

1. It aims to create a 'Federated Farmers' Database' linked to land records.
2. It is funded entirely by the World Bank.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Answer: 1 only. (Explanation: It is a central sector scheme, though international agencies may provide technical advice).

PYQ 2:

Assertion (A): The Centre is developing state-wise agricultural roadmaps.
Reason (R): Agriculture is a state subject, and a uniform national policy often fails to address regional climatic variations.

Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.


✍️ Mains Answer Pointers

Question: "Evaluate the significance of decentralized state-wise roadmaps in achieving the goal of doubling farmers' income by 2030."

Answer Pointers:

  • Introduction: Mention the recent announcement at Unnat Krishi Mahotsav regarding 28 state-specific roadmaps.
  • Significance:
    • Regional Specificity: Addressing the 'Rice-Wheat' cycle of Punjab vs. the 'Dryland' farming of Vidarbha.
    • Resource Optimization: Tailoring crop suggestions to local water table levels and soil health.
    • Federal Balance: Respecting the State List while providing Central financial support.
    • Climate Resilience: Deploying ICAR’s 109 new varieties where they are most needed.
  • Challenges: Inter-state water disputes, lack of cold-storage infrastructure, and digital illiteracy among small farmers.
  • Conclusion: State-wise roadmaps represent a move toward Precision Policy-making, which is essential for sustainable and profitable agriculture.
  • Suggested Diagram: A map of India showing different agro-climatic zones.

⚠️ Examiner Trap

  • Trap 1: Students may think the "Digital Krishi Adalat" is a physical court. It is a digital grievance platform.
  • Trap 2: Confusing "Natural Farming" with "Organic Farming." (Natural farming focuses on zero-budget/indigenous inputs like Jivamrit; Organic farming often allows certified organic commercial fertilizers).

🧭 Exam Tip

For State PSC exams, pay close attention to your specific state's mention in these roadmaps. For UPSC, focus on the AgriStack and the shift towards Oilseeds/Pulses to reduce the Current Account Deficit (CAD).